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Add official US and European collection and calendar storage

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Collect official RSS and Atom summaries, preserve historical captures, and poll macro releases with bounded cadence and Retry-After handling. Separate news collectors from the economic calendar worker.

Track statistical periods, publication stages, first observations, revisions, and current official series. Include explicit migration files and isolated archive, parsing, and import tests; no migration or import is executed by this commit.

Keep dependency declarations and lockfile together for PDF archives and the upcoming captcha integration. Verify the staged snapshot with 90 focused tests.
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<html><body><h1 class="padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0 margin-top--2 font-weight-700 margin-bottom--2 ">Consumer price inflation, UK: May 2025</h1><p class="page-bulletins--Summary margin-right-md--2 margin-bottom--3 padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0">
Price indices, percentage changes, and weights for the different measures of consumer price inflation.
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<span class="font-weight-700">Release date: </span><br>18 June 2025<br>
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<span class="font-weight-700">Next release: </span><br>16 July 2025
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</p><p>The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) rose by 4.0% in the 12 months to May 2025, compared with 4.1% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>On a monthly basis, CPIH rose by 0.2% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.4% in May 2024. </p><p>The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) rose by 3.4% in the 12 months to May 2025, compared with 3.5% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>On a monthly basis, CPI rose by 0.2% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.3% in May 2024. </p><p>The largest downward contribution to the monthly change in both CPIH and CPI annual rates came from transport; the largest, partially offsetting, upward contributions came from food, and furniture and household goods. </p><p>Core CPIH (CPIH excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) rose by 4.2% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 4.5% in the 12 months to April; the CPIH goods annual rate rose from 1.7% to 2.0%, while the CPIH services annual rate slowed from 5.8% to 5.3%. </p><p>Core CPI (CPI excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) rose by 3.5% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 3.8% in the 12 months to April; the CPI goods annual rate rose from 1.7% to 2.0%, while the CPI services annual rate slowed from 5.4% to 4.7%. </p><p>The CPIH and CPI inflation rates and indices were each overstated in April 2025 as a result of an error in the Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) component; in line with our revisions policy, the April figures have not been amended but the corrected VED information has been used when producing the May index.</p><p>
</p><table class="table">
<caption class="table__caption">Table 1: CPIH, OOH component and CPI index values, and annual and monthly rates <br><span class="table__subtitle">UK, May 2024 to May 2025 </span></caption>
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<tr class="table__header-row table__nowrap"><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><th class="align-right">CPIH Index<br>(UK, <br>2015 = 100)</th><th class="align-right">CPIH 12-<br>month <br>rate<br> (%)</th><th class="align-right">CPIH 1-<br>month <br>rate<br> (%)</th><th class="align-right">CPI Index<br>(UK, <br>2015=100)</th><th class="align-right">CPI 12- <br>month<br> rate<br> (%)</th><th class="align-right">CPI 1- <br>month<br> rate <br>(%)</th><th class="align-right">OOH Index<br>(UK,<br> 2015=100)</th><th class="align-right">OOH 12-<br>month<br> rate <br>(%)</th></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">2024</th><th class="table__nowrap align-left">May</th><td class="align-right">132.7</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">133.9</td><td class="align-right">2.0</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">125.3</td><td class="align-right">6.7</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Jun</th><td class="align-right">133.0</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">134.1</td><td class="align-right">2.0</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td><td class="align-right">126.1</td><td class="align-right">6.8</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Jul</th><td class="align-right">132.9</td><td class="align-right">3.1</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">133.8</td><td class="align-right">2.2</td><td class="align-right">-0.2</td><td class="align-right">126.9</td><td class="align-right">7.0</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Aug</th><td class="align-right">133.4</td><td class="align-right">3.1</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">134.3</td><td class="align-right">2.2</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">127.7</td><td class="align-right">7.1</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Sep </th><td class="align-right">133.5</td><td class="align-right">2.6</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td><td class="align-right">134.2</td><td class="align-right">1.7</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">128.5</td><td class="align-right">7.2</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Oct</th><td class="align-right">134.3</td><td class="align-right">3.2</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">135.0</td><td class="align-right">2.3</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">129.5</td><td class="align-right">7.4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Nov</th><td class="align-right">134.6</td><td class="align-right">3.5</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">135.1</td><td class="align-right">2.6</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td><td class="align-right">130.5</td><td class="align-right">7.8</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Dec </th><td class="align-right">135.1</td><td class="align-right">3.5</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">135.6</td><td class="align-right">2.5</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">131.3</td><td class="align-right">8.0</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">2025</th><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Jan</th><td class="align-right">135.1</td><td class="align-right">3.9</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">135.4</td><td class="align-right">3.0</td><td class="align-right">-0.1</td><td class="align-right">131.8</td><td class="align-right">8.0</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Feb</th><td class="align-right">135.6</td><td class="align-right">3.7</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">136.0</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">132.4</td><td class="align-right">7.5</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Mar</th><td class="align-right">136.1</td><td class="align-right">3.4</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">136.5</td><td class="align-right">2.6</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">132.9</td><td class="align-right">7.2</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Apr</th><td class="align-right">137.7</td><td class="align-right">4.1</td><td class="align-right">1.2</td><td class="align-right">138.2</td><td class="align-right">3.5</td><td class="align-right">1.2</td><td class="align-right">133.2</td><td class="align-right">6.9</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><th class="table__nowrap align-left">May</th><td class="align-right">138.0</td><td class="align-right">4.0</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">138.4</td><td class="align-right">3.4</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">133.7</td><td class="align-right">6.7</td></tr>
</table><p>
</p><p>The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) rose by 4.0% in the 12 months to May 2025, compared with 4.1% in the 12 months to April (Figure 1). </p><p>On a monthly basis, CPIH rose by 0.2% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.4% in May 2024. </p><p>The owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs component of CPIH rose by 6.7% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 6.9% in the 12 months to April. OOH costs rose by 0.4% on the month, compared with a 0.6% increase a year earlier. </p><p>The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) rose by 3.4% in the 12 months to May 2025, compared with 3.5% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>On a monthly basis, CPI rose by 0.2% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.3% in May 2024. </p><p>The CPIH and CPI were each overstated in April as a result of an error in the Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) component. The effect was to add 0.1 percentage points to the headline annual rates. In line with our revisions policy, the April figures have not been amended but the corrected VED information has been used when producing the May index. More information on the error is included in <a>Section 8: Data sources and quality</a>. </p><p>The main drivers of the annual inflation rate for CPIH and CPI are the same where they are common to both measures. However, the OOH costs component accounts for approximately 17% of the CPIH and is the main driver for differences between the CPIH and CPI inflation rates. This makes CPIH our most comprehensive measure of inflation. We cover this in more detail in <a>Section 4: Latest movements in CPIH inflation</a> and provide a commentary on the CPI in <a>Section 5: Latest movements in CPI inflation</a>. We also cover both CPIH and CPI in <a>Section 3: Notable movements in prices</a>, though the figures reflect CPIH.</p><p>
</p><table class="table">
<caption class="table__caption">Table 2: CPIH annual and monthly inflation rates by division <br><span class="table__subtitle">UK, May 2024, April 2025, and May 2025 </span></caption>
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<tr class="table__header-row table__nowrap"><td></td><td></td><th class="align-right">CPIH 12-month rate (%)</th><th class="align-right">CPIH 1-month rate (%)</th></tr>
<tr class="table__header-row table__nowrap"><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><th class="align-right">Apr 2025</th><th class="align-right">May 2025</th><th class="align-right">May 2024</th><th class="align-right">May 2025</th></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">CPIH All items [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">4.1</td><td class="align-right">4.0</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Food and non-alcoholic<br> beverages</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.4</td><td class="align-right">4.4</td><td class="align-right">-0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Alcohol and tobacco </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.7</td><td class="align-right">5.4</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Clothing and footwear </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">-0.4</td><td class="align-right">-0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Housing and household<br> services</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">7.0</td><td class="align-right">6.9</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">of which owner <br>occupiers' housing costs</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">6.9</td><td class="align-right">6.7</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Furniture and<br> household goods</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">-0.5</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">1.5</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Health </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">4.3</td><td class="align-right">4.5</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Transport [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.3</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">-1.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Communication </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.8</td><td class="align-right">4.5</td><td class="align-right">1.0</td><td class="align-right">-0.2</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Recreation and culture </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.1</td><td class="align-right">3.2</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Education </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">7.5</td><td class="align-right">7.5</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Restaurants and hotels </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">2.7</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Miscellaneous goods <br>and services</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">2.5</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">All goods</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">1.7</td><td class="align-right">2.0</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">All services [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.8</td><td class="align-right">5.3</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">CPIH exc food, energy,<br> alcohol and tobacco (core CPIH) [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">4.5</td><td class="align-right">4.2</td><td class="align-right">0.5</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td></tr>
</table><p>
</p><p>Individual contributions may not sum to the total because of rounding.</p><p>More information on the contents of each division can be found in Table 3 in our accompanying <a>Consumer price inflation dataset</a>. </p><p>Figure 2 shows the contributions from the 12 divisions to the change in the annual Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) inflation rate between April and May 2025. These sum to the change in the annual rate between the latest two months. </p><p>The slight change in the rate into May 2025 reflected downward contributions from four divisions, partially offset by upward contributions from five divisions. The largest downward contributions came from transport, and housing and household services. The largest upward contributions came from food and non-alcoholic beverages, and furniture and household goods. </p><p>Overall, prices in the transport division rose by 0.7% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 3.3% in the 12 months to April. On a monthly basis, prices fell by 1.8% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.7% a year ago. </p><p>The slowing in the annual rate reflected falls in air fares and the price of motor fuels, together with the correction of an error in the Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) series. The latter was overstated in April and the series corrected from May. As is standard practice, the April figure has not been revised. This means that transport had a contribution of 0.36 percentage points to the published CPIH annual rate in April but, without the error, the contribution would have been 0.26 percentage points. In terms of the contribution to change between April and May, transport has a downward contribution of 0.28 percentage points, which would be downward 0.18 percentage points without the error. More background information is included in <a>Section 8: Data sources and quality</a>. </p><p>Air fares fell by 5.0% between April and May 2025, compared with a large rise of 14.9% between the same months in 2024. These movements were influenced by the timing of Easter and the associated school holidays. In 2025, Easter fell in the middle of April, possibly contributing towards relatively high fares, which then fell in May. In 2024, Easter fell in late March, before the April pricing period, which may have contributed to a relatively low April figure, followed by a rise into May.  </p><p>There were also downward effects, albeit smaller, from sea, rail and road transport, where again the timing of Easter may have influenced price movements. </p><p>The average price of petrol fell by 2.1 pence per litre between April and May 2025 to stand at 132.4 pence per litre, down from 148.8 pence per litre in May 2024. Diesel prices fell by 2.6 pence per litre in May 2025 to stand at 139.1 pence per litre, down from 156.3 pence per litre in May 2024. These movements resulted in overall motor fuel prices falling by 10.9% in the 12 months to May 2025, compared with a fall of 9.3% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>The 12-month inflation rate for housing and household services was 6.9% in May 2025, down from 7.0% in April. On a monthly basis, prices rose by 0.3% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.4% a year ago. </p><p>The easing in the 12-month rate between April and May 2025 principally reflected a downward effect from owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs, which rose by 6.7% in the year to May 2025. This was down from 6.9% in the year to April 2025, and was the lowest 12-month rate seen since May 2024, when the rate was also 6.7%. </p><p>The downward contributions from other divisions were partially offset by an upward effect from food and non-alcoholic beverages, where prices rose by 4.4% in the 12 months to May 2025, up from 3.4% in the 12 months to April. The May 2025 figure was the highest recorded since February 2024, when the rate was 5.0% (Figure 3). </p><p>On a monthly basis, food and non-alcoholic beverages prices rose by 0.7% in May 2025, compared with a fall of 0.3% a year ago.</p><p>
</p><p>There were upward effects to the change in the rate from 7 of the 11 food and non-alcoholic beverages classes, with the largest coming from the sugar, jam, syrups, chocolate and confectionery class. Within this, prices of chocolate, confectionery and ice cream rose between April and May this year but fell between the same two months a year ago. There was also a small upward effect from meat, where, on a monthly basis, prices rose by more in May 2025 than May 2024. </p><p>Prices of furniture and household goods overall rose by 0.8% in the 12 months to May 2025. This is the highest rate since December 2023, but it is well below the peaks seen in 2022 (Figure 4). The latest rate compares with a fall of 0.5% in the 12 months to April 2025. On a monthly basis, prices rose by 1.5% in May 2025, compared with a rise of 0.2% a year ago. </p><p>
</p><p>The main upward contributions to the rise in the 12-month rate came from household appliances, and furniture and furnishings. In the former class, prices of items such as fridge freezers and vacuum cleaners rose in May 2025 but fell a year ago. The movement relates to the timing of sales, with the prices of some products recovering from sale this year but entering a sales period a year ago. In the furniture class, prices of bedroom furniture rose by more in May 2025 than May 2024. Again, the movement relates to recoveries from sale though there were also some general price rises for these products.</p><p>
</p><p>Figure 5 shows the 12-month inflation rates for the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) series for all goods and all services, together with CPIH excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco (often referred to as core CPIH). The CPIH inflation rate is added for comparison. </p><p>The CPIH all goods index rose by 2.0% in the 12 months to May 2025, up from 1.7% in the 12 months to April. This is the highest rate since November 2023 when it was also 2.0%. It was last higher in October 2023. The largest upward contributions to the change in the annual rate came from non-energy industrial goods (particularly household goods), and processed and non-processed food. </p><p>The CPIH all services index rose by 5.3% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 5.8% in the 12 months to April. This is the lowest rate seen since January 2023. The largest downward contributions to the change in the annual rate came from transport services (particularly air fares) and services for personal transport equipment (with the correction of the Vehicle Excise Duty series in May). </p><p>The core CPIH annual inflation rate was 4.2% in May 2025, down from 4.5% in April. </p><p>
</p><p>Figure 6 shows the extent to which the distinct categories of goods and services have contributed to the overall annual CPIH inflation rate over the last two years. The contribution of each category to the annual rate depends on the price movement in that category as well as its weight, which is updated annually. </p><p>The contributions from all divisions to the annual CPIH inflation rate were positive in May 2025, with the exception of clothing and footwear. By far, the largest positive contribution came from housing and household services, which contributed 2.04 percentage points, down slightly from 2.08 percentage points in April. </p><p>The contribution from food and non-alcoholic beverages rose from 0.31 to 0.40 percentage points between April and May 2025. This was the largest contribution from this division since February 2024. The contribution from furniture and household goods, at 0.04 percentage points, was the largest since January 2024, when it was also 0.04 percentage points. The contribution was last larger in December 2023. </p><p>
</p><p>Figure 7 shows the contributions from owner occupiers’ housing (OOH) costs and Council Tax to the annual CPIH inflation rate in the context of wider housing-related costs. The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) differs from the CPIH because it does not include these two components. </p><p>The annual contribution from OOH costs continued to slow, to 1.11 percentage points in May 2025, following a recent high of 1.31 percentage points in January 2025. </p><p>There was a small reduction in the contribution from actual rentals for housing, while other components’ contributions were little changed in May.</p><p>While the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) is our lead and most comprehensive measure of consumer price inflation, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) is based on a harmonised methodology developed by Eurostat. This enables international comparisons to be drawn. More information on the use cases for our consumer price inflation statistics can be found in our <a>Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households: December 2023 article</a>. </p><p>Figure 8 shows annual CPI inflation for the UK compared with the European Union (EU) average and selected Group of Seven (G7) countries. While the UK CPI is produced on a comparable basis with EU countries, the United States Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) differs in some respects (see Footnote 1 to Figure 8). The UK's CPI inflation rate of 3.4% was above the first (or "flash") estimate of inflation for France (0.6%) and Germany (2.1%) in the 12 months to May 2025.
</p><p>
</p><table class="table">
<caption class="table__caption">Table 3: CPI annual and monthly inflation rates by division <br><span class="table__subtitle">UK, May 2024, April 2025, and May 2025 </span></caption>
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<tr class="table__header-row table__nowrap"><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><th class="align-right">CPI 12-month rate (%)</th><th class="align-right">CPI 1-month rate (%)</th></tr>
<tr class="table__header-row table__nowrap"><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><th class="align-right">Apr 2025</th><th class="align-right">May 2025</th><th class="align-right">May 2024</th><th class="align-right">May 2025</th></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">CPI All items [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.5</td><td class="align-right">3.4</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Food and non-alcoholic<br> beverages</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.4</td><td class="align-right">4.4</td><td class="align-right">-0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Alcohol and tobacco </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.7</td><td class="align-right">5.4</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Clothing and footwear </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">-0.4</td><td class="align-right">-0.3</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Housing and household<br> services</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">7.8</td><td class="align-right">7.7</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Furniture and<br> household goods</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">-0.5</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">1.5</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Health </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">4.3</td><td class="align-right">4.5</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Transport [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.3</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">-1.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Communication </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.8</td><td class="align-right">4.5</td><td class="align-right">1.0</td><td class="align-right">-0.2</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Recreation and culture </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.1</td><td class="align-right">3.2</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td><td class="align-right">0.3</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Education </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">7.5</td><td class="align-right">7.5</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Restaurants and hotels </th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">2.7</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.7</td><td class="align-right">0.8</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">Miscellaneous goods<br> and services</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">2.5</td><td class="align-right">2.8</td><td class="align-right">0.1</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td><td class="align-right"></td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">All goods</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">1.7</td><td class="align-right">2.0</td><td class="align-right">0.0</td><td class="align-right">0.4</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">All services [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">5.4</td><td class="align-right">4.7</td><td class="align-right">0.6</td><td class="align-right">-0.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="table__nowrap align-left">CPI exc food, energy, <br>alcohol and tobacco (core CPI) [1]</th><td class="align-left"></td><td class="align-right">3.8</td><td class="align-right">3.5</td><td class="align-right">0.5</td><td class="align-right">0.2</td></tr>
</table><p>
</p><p>Figure 9 shows the 12-month inflation rates for the CPI all goods and all services series, together with CPI excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco (often referred to as core CPI). The headline CPI inflation rate is added for comparison. </p><p>The CPI all goods index rose by 2.0% in the 12 months to May 2025, up from 1.7% in the 12 months to April. This is the highest rate since November 2023 when it was also 2.0%. It was last higher in October 2023.</p><p>The CPI all services index rose by 4.7% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 5.4% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>Core CPI rose by 3.5% in the 12 months to May 2025, down from 3.8% in the 12 months to April. </p><p>As with the all-items annual inflation rates, the drivers of CPIH and CPI goods and services inflation are the same (with the exception of owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs and Council Tax, which are excluded from CPI). The drivers are discussed in more detail in <a>Section 4: Latest movements in CPIH inflation</a>.</p><p>
</p><p>Figure 10 shows how each of the main groups of goods and services contributed to the change in the annual CPI inflation rate between April and May 2025. </p><p>The slight change in the rate into May 2025 reflected downward contributions from four divisions, partially offset by upward contributions from five divisions. The largest downward contribution came from transport. The largest, partially offsetting, upward contributions came from food and non-alcoholic beverages, and furniture and household goods. </p><p>Although the sizes of the contributions differ from CPIH, the main drivers to the change are the same where they are common to both measures. </p><p>
</p><p>Figure 11 shows the extent to which the distinct categories of goods and services have contributed to the overall annual CPI inflation rate over the last two years. </p><p>The CPIH includes extra housing components not included in the CPI. This can sometimes result in the largest contributions to the annual CPI and CPIH inflation rates coming from different divisions. However, in May 2025, housing and household services was the largest-contributing division to both measures, with a 0.97 percentage point contribution to the CPI rate and 2.04 percentage points to the CPIH rate. OOH costs had a large upward contribution to housing and household services in the CPIH but are excluded from the CPI. </p><p></p><p></p><p><a>Consumer price inflation tables</a><br> Dataset | Released 18 June 2025 <br> Measures of monthly UK inflation data including the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH), Consumer Prices Index (CPI) and Retail Prices Index (RPI). These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset. Please note that from publication on 26 March 2025, we have published fewer tables to avoid duplication and to remove discontinued series. Tables 39 and 40 detail which tables are no longer published and provide alternative sources for where the content in those tables can be found, if available. </p><p><a>Consumer price inflation time series</a> <br> Dataset MM23 | Released 18 June 2025 <br> Comprehensive database of time series covering measures of inflation data for the UK including the CPIH, CPI and RPI. </p><p><a>Consumer price inflation detailed briefing note</a><br> Dataset | Released 18 June 2025 <br> The consumer price inflation detailed briefing note contains details of the items contributing to the changes in the CPIH, details of any notable movements, a summary of the reconciliation of CPIH and RPI, and the outlook, which looks ahead to next month's release. </p><p><a>Consumer price inflation consumption segment indices and price quotes</a> <br> Dataset | Released 18 June 2025 <br> Price quote data (for locally collected data only) and consumption segment indices (that underpin consumer price inflation statistics) are published, giving users access to the detailed data that are used in the construction of the UK's inflation figures. Note that this dataset was previously called the consumer price inflation item indices and price quotes dataset. </p><p><a>Contributions to the 12-month rate of CPI(H) by import intensity</a> <br> Dataset | Released 18 June 2025 <br> A time series of the contributions to the CPIH and CPI annual rates broken down by the import intensity of household purchases. </p><p>The most common approach to measuring inflation is the 12-month or annual inflation rate, which compares prices for the latest month with the same month a year ago. In any given month, the annual rate is determined by the balance between upward and downward price movements across the range of goods and services included in the index. </p><p>Consumer price inflation is the rate at which the prices of goods and services bought by households rise or fall. It is estimated by using price indices. For an overview of the range of indices available and their uses, please see our <a>Consumer price indices, a brief guide: 2017</a> and our <a>Measuring changing prices and costs for consumers and households: December 2023 article</a>. </p><p>The Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) is the most comprehensive measure of inflation. It extends the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) to include a measure of the costs associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home, known as owner occupiers' housing (OOH) costs, along with Council Tax. Both are significant expenses for many households and are not included in the CPI. </p><p>The CPI is a measure of consumer price inflation produced to international standards, and is based on European regulations for the <a>Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices</a>. The CPI is the inflation measure used in the government's target for inflation. </p><p>The CPI is produced at the same level of detail as the CPIH in our <a>accompanying dataset</a> and <a>accompanying data time series</a>. </p><p>OOH costs are the costs of housing services associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home. </p><p>The Retail Prices Index (RPI) does not meet the required standard for designation as an <a>accredited official statistic</a>. In recognition that it continues to be widely used in contracts, we continue to publish the RPI, its subcomponents, and RPI excluding mortgage interest payments (RPIX). To view the all-items RPI, please see the <a>data time series section of the Inflation and price indices area of our website</a>. The annual RPI inflation rate was 4.3% in May 2025. </p><p>The UK Statistics Authority (The Authority) and HM Treasury launched a consultation in 2020 on The AuthLine truncated