diff --git a/web/src/app/Workspace.vue b/web/src/app/Workspace.vue
index d0500ac..27c96f6 100644
--- a/web/src/app/Workspace.vue
+++ b/web/src/app/Workspace.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted } from 'vue'
-import { api } from './api'
+import { api, ApiError } from './api'
 import { registerCommand } from './commands'
 import EditorPane from './EditorPane.vue'
 import Icon from './Icon.vue'
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ function onTouchMove(e: TouchEvent) {
 
 const unregisterLogout = registerCommand({ id: 'app.logout', title: '退出登录', run: () => void logout() })
 
-onMounted(() => void startWorkspace())
+onMounted(() => void startWorkspace().catch((err) => toast('工作区初始化失败，请重新加载：' + (err instanceof ApiError ? err.message : '网络或本地存储错误'))))
 onBeforeUnmount(() => {
   unregisterLogout()
   stopWorkspace()
diff --git a/web/src/app/workspace.test.ts b/web/src/app/workspace.test.ts
index 5cb6772..3465bf4 100644
--- a/web/src/app/workspace.test.ts
+++ b/web/src/app/workspace.test.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,67 @@ import { EditorView } from '@codemirror/view'
 import { insertImageFiles } from '../editor/paste'
 import { api, ApiError } from './api'
 import { drafts, type Draft } from './drafts'
-import { attachView, closeTab, editorStateOf, flush, keepLocalVersion, openNote, ws } from './workspace'
+import { connectEvents } from './events'
+import { pluginEvents } from '../plugins/registry'
+import { attachView, closeTab, editorStateOf, flush, keepLocalVersion, openNote, startWorkspace, stopWorkspace, ws } from './workspace'
+
+vi.mock('./events', () => ({ connectEvents: vi.fn(() => () => {}) }))
 
 let view: EditorView | undefined
 afterEach(() => {
+  stopWorkspace()
   attachView(null)
   view?.destroy()
   view = undefined
   vi.restoreAllMocks()
 })
 
+describe('事件同步', () => {
+  it('正文同步后才通知插件，同步失败时不广播成功且不阻塞后续批次', async () => {
+    const entries = [{ path: 'sync.md', dir: false, size: 0, mtime: 0 }]
+    vi.spyOn(api, 'tree').mockResolvedValue(entries)
+    vi.spyOn(api, 'settings').mockResolvedValue({})
+    vi.spyOn(api, 'plugins').mockResolvedValue([])
+    vi.spyOn(drafts, 'all').mockResolvedValue([])
+    vi.spyOn(drafts, 'delete').mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+    const read = vi.spyOn(api, 'readFile').mockResolvedValue({ content: '旧正文', rev: 'r1' })
+    await startWorkspace()
+    await openNote('sync.md')
+    const handlers = vi.mocked(connectEvents).mock.lastCall![0]
+    const observed: string[] = []
+    let resyncs = 0
+    const changed = () => observed.push(editorStateOf('sync.md')!.doc.toString())
+    const resync = () => { resyncs++ }
+    pluginEvents.addEventListener('changed', changed)
+    pluginEvents.addEventListener('resync', resync)
+    try {
+      let finish!: (value: { content: string; rev: string }) => void
+      read.mockImplementationOnce(() => new Promise((resolve) => { finish = resolve }))
+      handlers.onEvents([{ type: 'changed', path: 'sync.md', rev: 'r2' }])
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(finish).toBeTypeOf('function'))
+      expect(observed).toEqual([])
+      finish({ content: '新正文', rev: 'r2' })
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(observed).toEqual(['新正文']))
+      read.mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(500, '正文读取失败'))
+      handlers.onEvents([{ type: 'changed', path: 'sync.md', rev: 'r3' }])
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(ws.toasts.some((toast) => toast.text.includes('正文读取失败'))).toBe(true))
+      expect(observed).toEqual(['新正文'])
+      vi.mocked(api.tree).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(500, '目录读取失败'))
+      handlers.onResync()
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(ws.toasts.some((toast) => toast.text.includes('目录读取失败'))).toBe(true))
+      expect(resyncs).toBe(0)
+      read.mockResolvedValue({ content: '恢复后的正文', rev: 'r3' })
+      handlers.onResync()
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(resyncs).toBe(1))
+      expect(editorStateOf('sync.md')!.doc.toString()).toBe('恢复后的正文')
+    } finally {
+      pluginEvents.removeEventListener('changed', changed)
+      pluginEvents.removeEventListener('resync', resync)
+      await closeTab('sync.md')
+    }
+  })
+})
+
 async function edit(path: string) {
   vi.spyOn(api, 'readFile').mockResolvedValue({ content: '原文', rev: 'r1' })
   vi.spyOn(drafts, 'delete').mockResolvedValue(undefined)
diff --git a/web/src/app/workspace.ts b/web/src/app/workspace.ts
index 6ee8129..51514bc 100644
--- a/web/src/app/workspace.ts
+++ b/web/src/app/workspace.ts
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ export async function keepLocalVersion(path: string) {
       s.savedSeq = seq
       Object.assign(tab, { rev, status: 'ready', dirty: s.seq !== seq, conflictRev: undefined, saveError: undefined })
       if (s.seq === seq) await drafts.delete(path)
-      if (!ws.entries.some((e) => e.path === path)) void refreshTree()
+      if (!ws.entries.some((e) => e.path === path)) void refreshTree().catch((err) => toast('刷新目录失败：' + errorText(err)))
     } catch (err) {
       if (err instanceof ApiError && err.status === 412) {
         tab.conflictRev = typeof err.data.rev === 'string' ? err.data.rev : ''
@@ -544,11 +544,11 @@ let treeTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined
 let treeFetching = false
 let treeAgain = false
 let localTreeEdits = 0
-const treeWaiters: (() => void)[] = []
+const treeWaiters: { resolve: () => void; reject: (reason: unknown) => void }[] = []
 
 export function refreshTree(): Promise<void> {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
-    treeWaiters.push(resolve)
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    treeWaiters.push({ resolve, reject })
     scheduleTreeRefresh()
   })
 }
@@ -566,23 +566,23 @@ async function fetchTree() {
   treeFetching = true
   treeAgain = false
   const edits = localTreeEdits
-  let entries: Entry[] | null = null
+  let entries: Entry[]
   try {
     entries = await api.tree()
   } catch (err) {
-    toast('刷新目录失败：' + errorText(err))
+    treeFetching = false
+    for (const waiter of treeWaiters.splice(0)) waiter.reject(err)
+    return
   }
   treeFetching = false
-  if (entries && (treeAgain || edits !== localTreeEdits || opsInFlight > 0)) {
+  if (treeAgain || edits !== localTreeEdits || opsInFlight > 0) {
     // 有操作进行中时由 withOp 在全部结束后重新调度
     if (opsInFlight === 0) scheduleTreeRefresh()
     return
   }
-  if (entries) {
-    ws.entries = entries
-    markMissingTabsDeleted()
-  }
-  for (const resolve of treeWaiters.splice(0)) resolve()
+  ws.entries = entries
+  markMissingTabsDeleted()
+  for (const waiter of treeWaiters.splice(0)) waiter.resolve()
 }
 
 function markMissingTabsDeleted() {
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ export async function move(from: string, to: string) {
       } else await syncOpenTab(tab)
     }))
   })
-  void refreshTree()
+  void refreshTree().catch((err) => toast('刷新目录失败：' + errorText(err)))
 }
 
 export async function remove(path: string) {
@@ -767,14 +767,13 @@ async function syncOpenTab(tab: Tab) {
     if (err instanceof ApiError && err.status === 404) {
       tab.status = 'deleted'
       tab.conflictRev = ''
-    }
+    } else throw err
   }
 }
 
-function handleEvents(evs: VaultEvent[]) {
+async function handleEvents(evs: VaultEvent[]) {
   for (const ev of evs) {
-    if (ev.type === 'tree') void refreshTree()
-    else if (ev.type === 'settings') {
+    if (ev.type === 'settings') {
       void loadSettings().catch((err) => toast('同步设置失败：' + errorText(err)))
       void refreshPlugins()
     }
@@ -782,7 +781,7 @@ function handleEvents(evs: VaultEvent[]) {
     else if (ev.type === 'changed') {
       const tab = tabOf(ev.path!)
       // 自己保存产生的事件 rev 与本地一致；有本地修改时不覆盖，交由下次保存的冲突检测处理
-      if (tab && tab.rev !== ev.rev) void syncOpenTab(tab)
+      if (tab && tab.rev !== ev.rev) await syncOpenTab(tab)
     } else if (ev.type === 'moved') {
       if (tabOf(ev.from!) && !tabOf(ev.path!)) remapOpenNotes(ev.from!, ev.path!)
       remapRecent(ev.from!, ev.path!)
@@ -795,7 +794,7 @@ function handleEvents(evs: VaultEvent[]) {
     }
     if (ev.type === 'changed' || ev.type === 'moved' || ev.type === 'deleted') pluginEvents.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(ev.type, { detail: ev.type === 'moved' ? { from: ev.from!, path: ev.path! } : ev.type === 'changed' ? { path: ev.path!, rev: ev.rev! } : { path: ev.path! } }))
   }
-  if (evs.some((event) => event.type === 'tree')) void resync().catch((err) => toast('插件同步失败：' + errorText(err)))
+  if (evs.some((event) => event.type === 'tree')) await resync()
 }
 
 async function resync() {
@@ -851,7 +850,14 @@ export async function startWorkspace() {
     toast('恢复本地草稿失败：' + errorText(err))
   }
   ws.active = saved.active && tabOf(saved.active) ? saved.active : (ws.tabs[0]?.path ?? null)
-  disconnect = connectEvents({ onEvents: handleEvents, onResync: () => void resync() })
+  let eventQueue = Promise.resolve()
+  let stopped = false
+  const enqueue = (work: () => Promise<void>) => {
+    // 同步读取是异步的，后续批次不能越过前一批次的移动和正文更新。
+    eventQueue = eventQueue.then(() => { if (!stopped) return work() }).catch((err) => toast('同步失败：' + errorText(err)))
+  }
+  const stopEvents = connectEvents({ onEvents: (events) => enqueue(() => handleEvents(events)), onResync: () => enqueue(resync) })
+  disconnect = () => { stopped = true; stopEvents() }
   setPluginEditorHandlers(reconfigurePluginStates, pluginEditorFailure)
   startPlugins({
     notice: toast,
diff --git a/web/src/editor/codeblocks.ts b/web/src/editor/codeblocks.ts
index bae1b5a..dc68465 100644
--- a/web/src/editor/codeblocks.ts
+++ b/web/src/editor/codeblocks.ts
@@ -154,7 +154,11 @@ const codeHighlighter = ViewPlugin.fromClass(
           effects.push(setBlockTokens.of({ from: block.from, to: block.to, decorations: tokensToDecorations(block, cached) }))
         } else {
           // 结果到达后再走一次 sync，届时命中缓存；期间文档若已变化，键不同则自然重算
-          requestTokens(block.lang, block.code).then(() => this.schedule())
+          requestTokens(block.lang, block.code).then(() => this.schedule()).catch((error) => {
+            // 本次内容失败后不随每次光标移动重试，修改代码或语言后重新请求。
+            if (!this.destroyed) this.applied.set(block.from, key)
+            console.error('代码高亮失败', error)
+          })
         }
       }
       if (effects.length) this.view.dispatch({ effects })
diff --git a/web/src/highlight/client.test.ts b/web/src/highlight/client.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00031bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/highlight/client.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import type { HighlightRequest } from './protocol'
+import { requestTokens } from './client'
+
+const control = vi.hoisted(() => ({ startupError: undefined as Error | undefined, workers: [] as { dispatchEvent(event: Event): boolean; request?: HighlightRequest }[] }))
+vi.mock('./worker?worker', () => ({
+  default: class extends EventTarget {
+    request?: HighlightRequest
+    constructor() {
+      super()
+      if (control.startupError) throw control.startupError
+      control.workers.push(this)
+    }
+    postMessage(request: HighlightRequest) { this.request = request }
+    terminate() {}
+  },
+}))
+
+it('启动和运行失败均结束请求，失败不会伪装成缓存结果且后续请求可恢复', async () => {
+  const startupError = new Error('无法创建 Worker')
+  control.startupError = startupError
+  await expect(requestTokens('python', 'print(1)')).rejects.toBe(startupError)
+  control.startupError = undefined
+  const failed = requestTokens('python', 'print(1)')
+  const error = new Error('语言加载失败')
+  const worker = control.workers[0]!
+  const rejected = expect(failed).rejects.toBe(error)
+  worker.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('message', { data: { id: worker.request!.id, error } }))
+  await rejected
+  const interrupted = requestTokens('python', 'print(1)')
+  const crashed = expect(interrupted).rejects.toMatchObject({ cause: error })
+  worker.dispatchEvent(new ErrorEvent('error', { error }))
+  await crashed
+  const recovered = requestTokens('python', 'print(1)')
+  const replacement = control.workers[1]!
+  replacement.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('message', { data: { id: replacement.request!.id, tokens: [0, 5, '#fff', 0] } }))
+  await expect(recovered).resolves.toEqual([0, 5, '#fff', 0])
+})
diff --git a/web/src/highlight/client.ts b/web/src/highlight/client.ts
index 2a59d15..95b310a 100644
--- a/web/src/highlight/client.ts
+++ b/web/src/highlight/client.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const CACHE_LIMIT = 500
 
 let worker: Worker | undefined
 let nextId = 1
-const pending = new Map<number, (tokens: TokenRun | null) => void>()
+const pending = new Map<number, { resolve: (tokens: TokenRun | null) => void; reject: (reason: unknown) => void }>()
 // 以"语言 + 代码"为键缓存结果；Map 保持插入顺序，超限时淘汰最早的条目
 const cache = new Map<string, TokenRun | null>()
 
@@ -15,9 +15,17 @@ function getWorker(): Worker {
   if (!worker) {
     worker = new HighlightWorker()
     worker.addEventListener('message', (e: MessageEvent<HighlightResponse>) => {
-      const resolve = pending.get(e.data.id)
+      const request = pending.get(e.data.id)
       pending.delete(e.data.id)
-      resolve?.(e.data.tokens)
+      if ('error' in e.data) request?.reject(e.data.error)
+      else request?.resolve(e.data.tokens)
+    })
+    worker.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
+      const error = new Error('高亮 Worker 运行失败', { cause: event.error ?? event.message })
+      for (const request of pending.values()) request.reject(error)
+      pending.clear()
+      worker?.terminate()
+      worker = undefined
     })
   }
   return worker
@@ -27,17 +35,21 @@ export function cachedTokens(lang: string, code: string): TokenRun | null | unde
   return cache.get(lang + '\0' + code)
 }
 
-export function requestTokens(lang: string, code: string): Promise<TokenRun | null> {
+export async function requestTokens(lang: string, code: string): Promise<TokenRun | null> {
   const key = lang + '\0' + code
   if (cache.has(key)) return Promise.resolve(cache.get(key)!)
   const id = nextId++
   const req: HighlightRequest = { id, lang, code }
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
-    pending.set(id, (tokens) => {
-      cache.set(key, tokens)
-      if (cache.size > CACHE_LIMIT) cache.delete(cache.keys().next().value!)
-      resolve(tokens)
+  const target = getWorker()
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    pending.set(id, {
+      resolve: (tokens) => {
+        cache.set(key, tokens)
+        if (cache.size > CACHE_LIMIT) cache.delete(cache.keys().next().value!)
+        resolve(tokens)
+      },
+      reject,
     })
-    getWorker().postMessage(req)
+    try { target.postMessage(req) } catch (error) { pending.delete(id); reject(error) }
   })
 }
diff --git a/web/src/highlight/protocol.ts b/web/src/highlight/protocol.ts
index d8f832c..1a1f72e 100644
--- a/web/src/highlight/protocol.ts
+++ b/web/src/highlight/protocol.ts
@@ -9,8 +9,5 @@ export interface HighlightRequest {
 // 扁平数组：[offset, length, color, fontStyle, offset, length, ...]，避免大量小对象跨线程拷贝
 export type TokenRun = (number | string)[]
 
-export interface HighlightResponse {
-  id: number
-  // 语言不受支持时为 null，调用方按纯文本显示
-  tokens: TokenRun | null
-}
+// 语言不受支持时 tokens 为 null；实际失败必须与纯文本结果区分。
+export type HighlightResponse = { id: number; tokens: TokenRun | null } | { id: number; error: Error }
diff --git a/web/src/highlight/worker.test.ts b/web/src/highlight/worker.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2e4db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/highlight/worker.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { bundledLanguages } from 'shiki/langs'
+import type { HighlightResponse } from './protocol'
+
+afterEach(() => { vi.restoreAllMocks(); vi.unstubAllGlobals() })
+
+it('未知语言正常完成，语言加载失败返回错误并允许下一次明确请求恢复', async () => {
+  const replies = new Map<number, HighlightResponse>()
+  const worker = new class extends EventTarget {
+    postMessage(response: HighlightResponse) { replies.set(response.id, response) }
+  }()
+  vi.stubGlobal('self', worker)
+  await import('./worker')
+  for (const [id, lang] of ['unknown-language', 'constructor', '__proto__'].entries()) {
+    worker.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('message', { data: { id, lang, code: 'text' } }))
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(replies.get(id)).toEqual({ id, tokens: null }))
+  }
+  const cause = new Error('语言资源加载失败')
+  const load = vi.spyOn(bundledLanguages, 'python').mockRejectedValueOnce(cause)
+  worker.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('message', { data: { id: 10, lang: 'python', code: 'print(1)' } }))
+  await vi.waitFor(() => expect(replies.has(10)).toBe(true))
+  const failure = replies.get(10)!
+  expect('error' in failure && failure.error.cause).toBe(cause)
+  load.mockRestore()
+  worker.dispatchEvent(new MessageEvent('message', { data: { id: 11, lang: 'python', code: 'print(1)' } }))
+  await vi.waitFor(() => expect(replies.has(11)).toBe(true))
+  const success = replies.get(11)!
+  expect('tokens' in success && success.tokens?.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+})
diff --git a/web/src/highlight/worker.ts b/web/src/highlight/worker.ts
index 2f9fa7a..fbadad2 100644
--- a/web/src/highlight/worker.ts
+++ b/web/src/highlight/worker.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ const langLoads = new Map<string, Promise<boolean>>()
 function ensureLanguage(hl: HighlighterCore, lang: string): Promise<boolean> {
   let load = langLoads.get(lang)
   if (!load) {
-    const importer = bundledLanguages[lang as keyof typeof bundledLanguages]
+    const importer = Object.hasOwn(bundledLanguages, lang) ? bundledLanguages[lang as keyof typeof bundledLanguages] : undefined
     load = importer
-      ? importer().then((mod) => hl.loadLanguage(mod.default)).then(() => true)
+      ? importer().then((mod) => hl.loadLanguage(mod.default)).then(() => true).catch((error) => { langLoads.delete(lang); throw error })
       : Promise.resolve(false)
     langLoads.set(lang, load)
   }
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ async function highlight(req: HighlightRequest): Promise<TokenRun | null> {
 }
 
 self.addEventListener('message', async (e: MessageEvent<HighlightRequest>) => {
-  const res: HighlightResponse = { id: e.data.id, tokens: await highlight(e.data) }
-  ;(self as unknown as Worker).postMessage(res)
+  let res: HighlightResponse
+  try {
+    res = { id: e.data.id, tokens: await highlight(e.data) }
+  } catch (cause) {
+    res = { id: e.data.id, error: new Error('代码高亮失败', { cause }) }
+  }
+  self.postMessage(res)
 })
diff --git a/web/src/plugins/host.test.ts b/web/src/plugins/host.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1b2a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/plugins/host.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { api } from '../app/api'
+import { allCommands } from '../app/commands'
+import type { PluginAPI } from '../plugin-api'
+import { pluginState, startPlugins, stopPlugins } from './host'
+
+const { cause } = vi.hoisted(() => ({ cause: new Error('插件命令的原始原因') }))
+vi.mock('/api/v1/plugins/fault/assets/rev/main.js', () => ({
+  default: (sdk: PluginAPI) => sdk.addCommand({ id: 'fail', title: '失败命令', run() { throw cause } }),
+}))
+afterEach(() => { stopPlugins(); vi.restoreAllMocks() })
+
+it('命令失败保留原始异常并清理注册，正常插件列表读取不受影响', async () => {
+  vi.spyOn(api, 'plugins').mockResolvedValue([{ id: 'fault', name: '故障插件', version: '1', apiVersion: 1, revision: 'rev', enabled: true }])
+  const notices: string[] = []
+  startPlugins({ notice: (message) => notices.push(message), getActiveNote: () => null, openNote: async () => {}, writeNote: async () => ({ rev: 'r1' }) })
+  await vi.waitFor(() => expect(pluginState.status.fault?.phase).toBe('active'))
+  allCommands().find((command) => command.id === 'plugin:fault:fail')!.run()
+  await vi.waitFor(() => expect(pluginState.status.fault?.cause).toBe(cause))
+  expect(pluginState.status.fault?.phase).toBe('error')
+  expect(allCommands().some((command) => command.id === 'plugin:fault:fail')).toBe(false)
+  expect(notices.some((message) => message.includes('命令失败'))).toBe(true)
+})
diff --git a/web/src/plugins/host.ts b/web/src/plugins/host.ts
index c52c4a8..764eb68 100644
--- a/web/src/plugins/host.ts
+++ b/web/src/plugins/host.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { allCommands, registerCommand } from '../app/commands'
 import type { AsyncCleanup, JSONValue, PluginAPI, PluginView, PluginWorkspace, VaultEvents } from '../plugin-api'
 import { editorExtensions, markdownSyntax, pluginEvents, pluginsPaused, registerCodeRenderer, registerEntry, settingTabs, sidebarViews } from './registry'
 
-export const pluginState = reactive({ installed: [] as InstalledPlugin[], status: {} as Record<string, { phase: string; error: string }>, error: '' })
+export const pluginState = reactive({ installed: [] as InstalledPlugin[], status: {} as Record<string, { phase: string; error: string; cause?: unknown; cleanupErrors?: unknown[] }>, error: '', errorCause: undefined as unknown })
 interface Adapter extends PluginWorkspace {
   notice(message: string): void
   writeNote: PluginAPI['vault']['write']
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ interface Instance {
   stopped: boolean
   cleanups: Set<() => void>
   pending: Promise<unknown>[]
+  cleanupErrors: unknown[]
 }
 const instances = new Map<string, Instance>()
 const faults = new Map<string, string>()
@@ -24,11 +25,16 @@ let session = 0
 let request = 0
 let loading = false
 
-function status(id: string, phase: string, error = '') { pluginState.status[id] = { phase, error } }
+function status(id: string, phase: string, error = '', cause?: unknown) { pluginState.status[id] = { phase, error, cause, cleanupErrors: pluginState.status[id]?.cleanupErrors } }
 function assertActive(instance: Instance) {
   if (instance.stopped || !running) throw new Error('插件已停止，不能继续调用 SDK')
 }
 
+function cleanupFailure(instance: Instance, cause: unknown) {
+  instance.cleanupErrors.push(cause)
+  adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”清理失败`)
+}
+
 function track(instance: Instance, cleanup: AsyncCleanup): () => void {
   assertActive(instance)
   let done = false
@@ -37,9 +43,9 @@ function track(instance: Instance, cleanup: AsyncCleanup): () => void {
     done = true
     instance.cleanups.delete(remove)
     try {
-      const pending = Promise.resolve(cleanup()).catch(() => adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”清理失败`))
+      const pending = Promise.resolve(cleanup()).catch((cause) => cleanupFailure(instance, cause))
       instance.pending.push(pending)
-    } catch { adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”清理失败`) }
+    } catch (cause) { cleanupFailure(instance, cause) }
   }
   instance.cleanups.add(remove)
   return remove
@@ -60,11 +66,11 @@ async function stop(instance: Instance) {
   if (!finished) adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”清理超过 5 秒`)
 }
 
-function fail(instance: Instance, phase: string) {
+function fail(instance: Instance, phase: string, cause: unknown) {
   if (instance.stopped) return
   const message = `${phase}失败，已在当前页面停用；可在插件设置中重试`
   faults.set(instance.info.id, instance.info.revision)
-  status(instance.info.id, 'error', message)
+  status(instance.info.id, 'error', message, cause)
   adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”：${message}`)
   void stop(instance)
 }
@@ -77,7 +83,7 @@ function localID(instance: Instance, id: string) {
 function addView(instance: Instance, map: typeof sidebarViews, view: PluginView) {
   assertActive(instance)
   if (!view.title.trim() || typeof view.mount !== 'function') throw new Error('插件视图必须提供标题与挂载函数')
-  return track(instance, registerEntry(map, localID(instance, view.id), { ...view, owner: instance.info.id, fail: () => fail(instance, '视图') }))
+  return track(instance, registerEntry(map, localID(instance, view.id), { ...view, owner: instance.info.id, fail: (cause) => fail(instance, '视图', cause) }))
 }
 
 async function createAPI(instance: Instance): Promise<PluginAPI> {
@@ -96,11 +102,11 @@ async function createAPI(instance: Instance): Promise<PluginAPI> {
       return track(instance, registerCommand({ ...command, id: commandID,
         when: () => {
           if (instance.stopped) return false
-          try { return command.when?.() ?? true } catch { fail(instance, '命令条件'); return false }
+          try { return command.when?.() ?? true } catch (cause) { fail(instance, '命令条件', cause); return false }
         },
         run: () => {
           if (instance.stopped) return
-          try { void Promise.resolve(command.run()).catch(() => fail(instance, '命令')) } catch { fail(instance, '命令') }
+          try { void Promise.resolve(command.run()).catch((cause) => fail(instance, '命令', cause)) } catch (cause) { fail(instance, '命令', cause) }
         },
       }))
     },
@@ -115,7 +121,7 @@ async function createAPI(instance: Instance): Promise<PluginAPI> {
     registerCodeBlockRenderer(language, render) {
       check()
       if (typeof render !== 'function') throw new Error('代码块渲染器必须为函数')
-      return track(instance, registerCodeRenderer(language, { owner: id, render, fail: () => fail(instance, '代码块渲染') }))
+      return track(instance, registerCodeRenderer(language, { owner: id, render, fail: (cause) => fail(instance, '代码块渲染', cause) }))
     },
     addSidebarView: (view) => addView(instance, sidebarViews, view),
     addSettingTab: (view) => addView(instance, settingTabs, view),
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ async function createAPI(instance: Instance): Promise<PluginAPI> {
         if (!['changed', 'moved', 'deleted', 'resync'].includes(event)) throw new Error('仓库事件类型无效')
         const listener = (e: Event) => {
           if (instance.stopped) return
-          try { void Promise.resolve(callback(event === 'resync' ? undefined : (e as CustomEvent).detail)).catch(() => fail(instance, '仓库事件')) } catch { fail(instance, '仓库事件') }
+          try { void Promise.resolve(callback(event === 'resync' ? undefined : (e as CustomEvent).detail)).catch((cause) => fail(instance, '仓库事件', cause)) } catch (cause) { fail(instance, '仓库事件', cause) }
         }
         pluginEvents.addEventListener(event, listener)
         return track(instance, () => pluginEvents.removeEventListener(event, listener))
@@ -171,15 +177,15 @@ async function activate(instance: Instance) {
     if (cleanup !== undefined && typeof cleanup !== 'function') throw new Error('激活返回值必须为清理函数')
     if (cleanup) {
       if (instance.stopped) {
-        try { await cleanup() } catch { adapter.notice(`插件“${instance.info.name}”迟到的清理失败`) }
+        try { await cleanup() } catch (cause) { cleanupFailure(instance, cause) }
       } else track(instance, cleanup as AsyncCleanup)
     }
   })()
   try {
     await Promise.race([pending, interrupted])
     if (!instance.stopped) status(instance.info.id, 'active')
-  } catch {
-    fail(instance, '激活')
+  } catch (cause) {
+    fail(instance, '激活', cause)
   } finally {
     clearTimeout(timer!)
     signal.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort)
@@ -194,9 +200,10 @@ async function pump() {
     while (running && currentSession === session && !pluginState.error) {
       const next = pluginState.installed.find((p) => p.enabled && !instances.has(p.id) && faults.get(p.id) !== p.revision)
       if (!next) break
-      const instance: Instance = { info: { ...next }, controller: new AbortController(), stopped: false, cleanups: new Set(), pending: [] }
+      const instance: Instance = { info: { ...next }, controller: new AbortController(), stopped: false, cleanups: new Set(), pending: [], cleanupErrors: [] }
       instances.set(next.id, instance)
       status(next.id, 'loading')
+      pluginState.status[next.id]!.cleanupErrors = instance.cleanupErrors
       await activate(instance)
     }
   } finally { loading = false; if (running && currentSession !== session) void pump() }
@@ -211,6 +218,7 @@ export async function refreshPlugins() {
     if (!running || currentSession !== session || sequence !== request) return
     pluginState.installed = installed
     pluginState.error = ''
+    pluginState.errorCause = undefined
     for (const instance of instances.values()) {
       if (!installed.some((p) => p.id === instance.info.id && p.revision === instance.info.revision && p.enabled)) void stop(instance)
     }
@@ -219,9 +227,10 @@ export async function refreshPlugins() {
       else if (pluginsPaused) status(p.id, 'paused')
     }
     void pump()
-  } catch {
+  } catch (cause) {
     if (!running || currentSession !== session || sequence !== request) return
     pluginState.error = '读取插件列表失败，请检查连接后重试'
+    pluginState.errorCause = cause
     adapter.notice(pluginState.error)
     for (const instance of instances.values()) {
       status(instance.info.id, 'paused')
@@ -258,7 +267,7 @@ export function pluginEditorFailure(error: unknown) {
   queueMicrotask(() => {
     for (const owner of owners) {
       const instance = instances.get(owner)
-      if (instance) fail(instance, '编辑器扩展')
+      if (instance) fail(instance, '编辑器扩展', error)
     }
   })
 }
diff --git a/web/src/share/main.ts b/web/src/share/main.ts
index 234cb3e..3c593f6 100644
--- a/web/src/share/main.ts
+++ b/web/src/share/main.ts
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ function render(note: SharedNote) {
   resolveImages(article)
   buildToc(article)
   hydrate(article)
-  for (const code of article.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('pre > code')) void decorateCode(code)
+  for (const code of article.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('pre > code')) void decorateCode(code).catch((error) => {
+    code.title = '代码高亮失败，已保留源码'
+    console.error('分享页代码高亮失败', error)
+  })
 }
 
 // 相对地址的图片（笔记的 .assets）经分享接口读取；服务器只允许读取本篇的图片目录